Dinâmica espaço-temporal do uso e cobertura da terra e seus reflexos sobre a qualidade da água da bacia no Rio Tarumã-Açu

Abstract

The Tarumã-Açu River Basin, located in the urban zone of Manaus, faces significant challenges related to water quality due to urbanization and pollution from human activities, where it discharges into the Marina do Davi, an important harbor in the region. This dissertation aims to analyze the land use and cover changes and the water quality in the lower course of the Tarumã-Açu River. Using data from MapBiomas, which provides annual mappings since 1984 with Landsat satellite images, maps were produced that highlight landscape changes over time. Multitemporal maps were created for the years 1985, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. The spatial-temporal variation of pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and water transparency in the lower course of the Tarumã-Açu River, near the Marina do Davi, was analyzed during the high and low water periods of 2021. The results indicate that the expansion of human activities in the basin, such as mining, agriculture, extractivism, and tourism, has resulted in significant negative environmental impacts, especially due to soil erosion. The unorganized advance of floating structures, irregular occupation of the banks, waste disposal in the Gigante Stream, and lack of sanitation in the basin are crucial challenges that compromise water quality. Preserving and reversing these impacts become fundamental, as the middle and upper sections of the Tarumã-Açu River Basin are not yet fully polluted, requiring urgent environmental protection measures.