Influência das BR-230 e 319 no uso e ocupação do solo, na região sul amazonense

Abstract

The Amazon region has always played a prominent role in Brazil's internal geopolitical scenario, mainly due to the challenge of managing this large territory, as a form of integration, the construction of highways, became alternatives to compose other forms of transport flows, such as river and air. This work aims to evaluate the influence of the federal highways BR-230 and BR-319 on land use and occupation considering areas of the municipalities of Humaitá and Canutama, located in the south-southeast region of Amazonas, through a time series defined in the period of from 1990 to 2022. To this end, data from the MapBiomas program will be used, which uses images obtained by the Landsat satellite, which are stored in the image bank of the Google Earth Engine platform. An evaluation of the images obtained will be carried out, observing changes in the following classes: forest, non-forest natural formation, agriculture, non-vegetated area and body of water, thus generating thematic maps for better visualization of changes over time; It will be used through graphs, the temporal variations every 10 years of the stipulated period, and a comparison between the years 1992 and 2022. In 1992 the Forest class had 895,662.72 hectares, and in 2022 there was a significant decrease (-6 .38%), where the class corresponds to 830,004.48 hectares. Just as in 1992 the pasture class corresponded to 8,755.30 hectares and after 30 years the large substantial increase to an area of 78,252.64 hectares in 2022. The analysis demonstrated that the greatest results in land use and coverage were in the years 2012 to 2022, as there is a replacement of forest formation by agricultural practices, represented mainly by the increase in pasture areas, demonstrating a problem in the region.