Determinantes sociais da saúde e nível de atividade física : um estudo com longevos da zona rural de Manaus/AM

Abstract

Aging is characterized as a heterogeneous phenomenon and derived from a multifactorial process, which is why the difference between people aged 60 and 80 and even between people of the same age is evident. It is necessary to look beyond the physical issues of aging, involving the social context and inequalities, factors that permeate aging in Brazil, to understand this process. From this, the objective of the study was to analyze the relationships between the Social Determinants of Health and Physical Activity of long-lived elderly people in the Rural Zone of Manaus, AM. To achieve the proposed objective, the blocks related to the Social Determinants of Health and assessment of the Level of Physical Activity were used from the elderly's multidimensional protocol. This study included people of both sexes and aged 80 years or over, residing in the Rural and Riverside Zone of the municipality of Manaus, AM. Data analysis comprised the non-normal distribution for the outcome variable, to verify the number of steps and the median and interquartile ranges were used to describe it. Relative and absolute frequencies were used to describe the categorical variables. Latent class analysis was the procedure used to identify the number of clusters of social determinants of health. Of the 82 participants, it was found that the majority were male (53.7%), aged between 80 and 89 years old (93.2%), brown skinned (77.2%), widowed ( 46.3%), does not smoke (93.9%), does not consume alcoholic beverages (93.9%), does not exercise (59.8%). Furthermore, the majority of the sample does not have access to drinking water (59.8%) and reports that there are no places where garbage accumulates near their homes (81.7%). A large part of the elderly worked in agriculture (51.2%), had a family income of up to two minimum wages (63.4%) and had retirement as a source of income (87.8%), and the presence of one to four health-threatening conditions (56.1%). Regarding commercial establishments, the majority report access to taverns (56.1%). In the inferential analysis, it was found that there was no association between the groups of social determinants of health and the number of steps/day in the oldest old (p<0.786). It is concluded that the interactions between the socioeconomic context, living conditions and health are complex, highlighting the low level of physical activity among long-lived elderly people living in the Rural Zone of Manaus, AM. The lack of access to services in general highlights challenges intrinsic to the territory, which involve the care network that prioritizes equity in the field of health and which, obviously, encourage the construction of social policies aimed at this population segment.