Associação dos domínios de atividade física e tempo de Tv com indicadores de saúde mental de adolescentes brasileiros

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, the presence of mental disorders in adolescents has become a major public health concern. Practicing physical activity (PA) and reducing screen time have been associated with positive outcomes for the mental health of young people. However, the literature presents some controversial results. In addition, it is necessary to better understand this relationship by exploring the different domains of PA. Thus, the main objective of this dissertation was to identify different classes of mental health and to verify the association between different domains of PA and time watching TV with the classes of mental health in Brazilian adolescents. The data were extracted from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE), 2019 edition. A total of 144,046 adolescents, of both sexes, aged between 13 and 17 years, participated in this study. The practice of PA in the leisure, school, and commuting domains, as well as the time spent watching TV were assessed using a questionnaire. Mental health indicators were characterized by six closed questions. The following sociodemographic variables were considered: sex, age, color/race, mother's education, living with the mother, and living with the father. Latent class analyses were conducted to identify the different mental health classes. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed to verify the association of mental health classes with PA by domains and time watching TV. Six mental health classes were identified: (1) anxious; (2) anxious and stressed; (3) poor mental health 1; (4) anxious, sad, and angry; (5) good mental health; (6) poor mental health 2. The findings showed that adolescents who practice leisure and school PA are more likely to belong to the poor mental health 2 class. However, adolescents who spent more time on PA in the commuting domain were less likely to belong to class 6 when compared to those who did not perform commuting PA. Regarding time spent watching TV, it was found that adolescents who watch more than four hours of TV per day are less likely to be in the poor mental health 2 class when compared to the good mental health class. However, adolescents who watch TV for two to four hours per day are more likely to be in the category with the worst mental health. We can conclude that the practice of physical activity and its association with mental health may vary according to the domain in which it occurs. Although TV time greater than 4 hours was associated with a good mental health profile, maintaining moderation is still important.