Caracterização do perfil de eicosanoides e citocinas em pacientes infectados com Plasmodium vivax

Abstract

Introduction: Malaria is an infectious disease caused by protozoa of the genus Plasmodium, characterized by acute febrile syndrome, generated by modulation of cytokines, chemokines and inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid that act during the immune response against the parasite. According to data collected by the WHO in 2015, there were 214 million cases of malaria worldwide, and infection with P. vivax accounts for about half of the cases outside Africa, with more than 2 billion people living in risk areas. In the State of Amazonas are meeting more than 80% of cases reported by Brazil, of which 90% are for vivax malaria. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the eicosanoid profile, cytokines and chemokines current patients infected with Plasmodium vivax in Manaus, Amazonas. Material and Methods: For this study, samples were collected from 14 patients infected with P. vivax on day 0 (acute phase) getting only 12 returns on day 28 (convalescent phase) and 12 samples from healthy individuals. The identification and quantification were performed by lipid lipidome technique (HPLC / MS), and the dosages of cytokines and chemokines by flow cytometry using the CBA cytokine kit dosage. Statistical analyzes were performed with the GraphPadPrism5.0 program. Results: The results demonstrated a significant increase in the total leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, platelets, total and HDL cholesterol and a significant decrease in glucose, GGT, total direct and indirect bilirubin in D0 when compared to eicosanoids searched in D28. Within 23 eicosanoid surveyed 10 were found and described in this paper (LTB4, 6-trans-LTB4, LTE4, PGE2, 15-keto-PGE2, TXB2, 5-oxo-ETE, 5-HETE, 12-HETE and 15-HETE). However, it was observed that with these concentrations were reduced on D0 when compared with the control group. However, LTB4, 6-trans-LTB4, 5-oxo-ETE, 5-HETE, 12-HETE was presented increase when compared D0 with D28. In addition, the IL-6, IL-10, IFN-γ, IL-17A, IL-8, MIG, MCP-1 and IP-10 concentrations were high in D0 compared with the control group, except RANTES. When comparing D0 to D28 there was a decrease of these soluble mediators, except RANTES. Finally, it was shown that IL-6 and IFN-γ cytokines and IL-8, RANTES MIG, MCP-1 and IP-10 chemokines were correlated to the all identified eicosanoids. Conclusion: It can be concluded that patients with vivax malaria can present significant hematologic changes without developing the severe form of the disease. Moreover, it observed the production of eicosanoids malaria suggesting the participation thereof during the host immune response obtained from interactions between inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.