Zonas climáticas locais e ilhas de calor urbanas em Coari - AM

Abstract

The city has a role defined by the relationship that societies establish with nature at each stage of history. In our time, the evolution of capitalism has given the city functions that have made it represent the maximum possible degradation that urban-industrial society can cause to the environment. The construction of the city gives rise to social and physical phenomena that are specific to the urban environment, which is a complex system that brings together a multitude of other systems, including the urban climate system. The urban heat island (UHI) is a phenomenon specific to the urban climate defined by the difference in temperature observed between a built/paved area and its natural/vegetated surroundings, which has implications for the comfort and health of the urban population. Since the city is made up of a set of climatically active surfaces as a result of the physical properties of the building materials used in construction, it is possible to classify surfaces based on common characteristics. It is from this understanding that the Local Climate Zones (LCZ) classification system arose, created to represent land cover types based on the characteristics of the built environment and the surface cover that affect the energy balance in the urban environment, generating the characteristic heating of the city. The aim of this work is to investigate heat islands in the city of Coari, in the state of Amazonas, Brazil, by integrating LCZ mapping into the analysis. In this way, the methodology was designed to characterize the urban site, classify the landscape by means of the LCZ and diagnose the urban heat island in Coari, by means of a systematic review and obtaining primary data using the mobile transect technique and secondary data obtained by remote sensing and from institutional sources for the preparation of rhythmic analysis graphs, maps of the urban site, atmospheric and surface heat island, which allowed statistical modelling to be applied to spatialize the UHI. The results show that in Coari the production of urban space has generated a heat island of strong magnitude, varying according to the types of weather and the classes of local climate zones mapped in the city, with a difference in air temperature of up to 4 °C and a difference in relative humidity of up to 21% between the points collected. Climate zones with compact buildings and little vegetation (LCZ 2, LCZ 3, LCZ 3B and LCZ 8) are the warmest compared to zones in areas with more vegetation and permeable surfaces. Therefore, the classification system was an important tool for describing and understanding the urban heat island phenomenon in Coari, and can be used to guide land use that takes into account the potential of the place, offering better conditions for comfort and adaptation.