Manejo de plantios de pau-rosa (Aniba rosodora Ducke) para a produção de biomassa e estimativa de óleo essencial na Terra Indígena AndiráMarau (Etnia Sateré-Mawé)

Abstract

Aiming to stimulate sustainable management through planting of endangered species, such as rosewood, this study aimed to evaluate the management of Aniba rosodora Ducke in 7-year-old plantations for biomass production and essential oil extraction in indigenous communities of the Marau River. The study was carried out in the Andirá-Marau indigenous land, in the municipality of Maués-AM, in three communities with different environments: Ilha Michilis (180 ha) – Agroforestry Systems (SAFS); Monte Horebe (43.8 ha) – Monoculture; and Nova Esperança (0.82 ha) – Forest. For dendrometric characterization, a forest census of rosewood individuals with DBH ≥ 5.0 cm, randomly distributed in the areas, was carried out. Biomass (total, crown and stem) was estimated through allometric equations from the parameters Height (H) and Diameter (DBH). Shoot vigor was evaluated based on regrowth variables (number of shoots, length, diameter) after a period of 12 months after pruning. For the Physical and Chemical Analysis of the soils in the AFS and Monoculture areas, three (3) plots were established in each area, each with dimensions of 30 m x 45 m, subdivided into 3 subplots of 15 m x 30 m, where soil samples were collected in the 0-10 and 10-20 cm depth layers. The physical aspects of the soil were determined from the textural classification (sand, silt and clay contents) and chemical analysis of: pH, Al, Ca, Mg, P, C, N, Zn, Cu, Mn and Fe. The Ilha Michilis plantation had a total of 152 individuals, average DBH of 8.00 cm, height of 5.88 m, total biomass of 3109.07 kg (approximately 20.45 kg/individual) and in the crown and stem compartments average values of 9.00 kg and 12.51 kg respectively. In the Monte Horebe community, 67 trees were inventoried with an average DBH of 7.68 cm, average height of 6.57 m and total biomass of 1521.55 kg (7.59 kg/individual) and average biomass of the crown and stem of 8.88 kg and 13.83 kg. In the Nova Esperança plantation, 21 individuals were found with an average DBH of 4.24 cm, average height of 5.04 m, total biomass of 150.55 kg (58.33 kg/individual) and average biomass of the crown and stem of 4.12 and 3.41 kg. The Safs produced more shoots and a greater average length: 10 shoots and 44.82 cm, but had a smaller average diameter of 4.62 mm. In Monoculture, the values were: number of shoots 9, average length of 41.48 cm and an average diameter of 9.5 mm. Regarding the Physical Analysis of the soil, silty clayey soils prevailed in Monoculture environments and in Safs, silty clayey soils. Although both environments presented high acidity, the Phosphorus levels in the Safs area stood out in relation to the Monoculture plantations. The levels of Ca, Mg and K were well below those found in the literature. The nitrogen content was a limiting factor in both environments with values well below those found in other studies.