Associação entre consumo de álcool e perfil lipídico em uma população brasileira: estudo Corações de Baependi

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with dyslipidemia being a central factor in their pathophysiology. Scientific evidence suggests that alcohol consumption may influence the lipid profile, particularly HDL-c levels, although its interaction with obesity remains poorly understood. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and HDL-c levels in individuals with and without obesity, in a Brazilian population. This is a cross-sectional study conducted using data from the Baependi Heart Study, including 2,608 participants aged between 18 and 100 years. Alcohol consumption was categorized based on weekly ethanol intake, and HDL-c levels were determined through standardized biochemical analyses. A significant interaction between obesity and moderate alcohol consumption (β = 0.90, p = 0.015) indicated that the association between alcohol intake and low HDL-c differs according to obesity status. Individuals with moderate alcohol consumption (AC2 group) presented significantly higher HDL-c levels compared to abstainers. This association was observed exclusively among participants without obesity, with no significant association detected in individuals with obesity. Among adults without obesity, the AC2 group was associated with a 65% reduction in the odds of low HDL-c in women and a 66% reduction in men. Moderate alcohol consumption was associated with higher HDL-c concentrations and lower odds of low HDL-c, particularly among individuals without obesity. These findings contribute to the understanding of the complex interplay between alcohol intake, lipid metabolism, and adiposity.