Análise da presença de possíveis poluentes nos viveiros para manutenção dos reprodutores e engorda de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) em sistema de água estática

Abstract

Water quality in fish farming is compromised by the accumulation of waste such as uneaten feed, fish excrement, and fertilizers. Only 20 to 40% of the feed is absorbed by the fish; the remainder becomes metabolic waste. This waste releases compounds such as ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphorus, which negatively affect aquatic organisms. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of pollutants in ponds used for fattening and breeding tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Water and sediment samples were collected from the ponds to evaluate and quantify pollutants such as total ammonia, toxic ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphorus, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, and total solids. The results indicated the presence of these pollutants in the water and sediment, with concentrations of total ammonia, total phosphorus, and total dissolved solids above the standards established by environmental regulations related to water quality and effluent discharge. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed distinctions between grow-out ponds (FFF) and breeder ponds (FHA). FFF ponds showed high correlations with total ammonia, nitrite, and phosphorus in the water, which may reflect the accumulation of organic matter, feed residues, feces, and fish urine. FHA ponds showed lower correlations with nitrate and total ammonia in the water and phosphorus in the sediment, indicating a low accumulated organic load, reflecting less intensive management practices and greater chemical stability. Therefore, this information is important for adopting good management practices, aiming to improve water and sediment quality and minimize environmental impacts.