Entre afluentes e correntezas na Amazônia: o banzeiro do índice de desempenho da gestão descentralizada do PDDE (IdeGES-PDDE)

Abstract

This research, developed as part of the Master's in Education of the Graduate Program in Education (PPGE) at the Faculty of Education of the Federal University of Amazonas (UFAM), was linked to Research Line 1: Education, State, and Society in the Amazon. The study aimed to analyze the resource management policy of the Direct Money to School Program (PDDE) in Amazonas, based on the Decentralized Management Performance Index (IdeGES-PDDE). To achieve this understanding, the research discussed the decentralization of Basic Education funding, characterized IdeGES as a decentralized resource management policy within the PDDE, and analyzed the challenges and contradictions of this management in the 62 municipalities of Amazonas. The investigation employed a bibliographic review, document analysis, and an evaluation of PDDE performance indicators across different federal units, focusing on the North region and Amazonas. The dissertation is structured around the analysis of PDDE management and IdeGES-PDDE in four chapters. The first chapter presents the theoretical and methodological paths taken in the research, establishing the conceptual foundations for understanding decentralized management. The second chapter discusses the PDDE as an expression of financial decentralization in education, contextualizing its creation and evolution up to the establishment of IdeGES-PDDE. The third chapter addresses the implementation of IdeGES-PDDE, analyzing its impacts and the performance dynamics of decentralized management in Brazil, in the North region, and specifically in Amazonas. The fourth chapter examines the limitations and possibilities of the decentralized resource management policy of the PDDE in Amazonas, identifying contradictions and challenges faced by municipal administrators. The research demonstrated the importance of decentralization in the management of Direct Money to School Program (PDDE) resources, suggesting that the effective application of these funds could improve the quality of education in the Amazon. The study characterized IdeGES as a decentralized resource management policy within the PDDE, examining the limitations and possibilities of this management in the context of the 62 municipalities in the state of Amazonas. The investigation highlighted that the resource management policy (IdeGES) faced significant challenges in Amazonas, particularly in rural and riverside areas, where geography and logistics limited the effective reach of resources. Additionally, the implementation of IdeGES as a monitoring tool had a direct impact on the Executing Units (UEXs). It was observed that most municipalities in Amazonas were classified within the "very low" and "medium" performance ranges, reflecting the historical and structural conditions of the Amazon region. Based on the findings, the research suggested the need for further studies on other education funding policies in the Amazon, expanding the scope to different regional realities, field studies on the management of PDDE resources and their implementation within the IdeGES-PDDE framework, comparative analyses between states in the North region to understand how different contexts influence decentralized management, and investigations into the interactions between federal policies and local conditions. The study also called for a detailed analysis of the specificities of Amazonas' municipalities, considering logistical and socio-economic challenges. It was concluded that this research contributed to deepening the understanding of education funding, providing valuable insights for research in the Amazon and serving as a guiding reference for policymakers and public administrators. By shedding light on new perspectives and pathways amid the tributaries and currents of this vast state, the study aims to enhance resource allocation and, consequently, improve the quality of education in the complex and diverse Amazon region.