Uma análise sociolinguística da expressão pronominal de P2 na posição de sujeito na fala manauara (AM)

Abstract

This work seeks to investigate the variable phenomenon “Pronominal expression of P2” in the subject position in the speech of adolescents aged 13 to 18, in Manaus, Amazonas, based on the theoretical-methodological assumptions of Variationist Sociolinguistics (WLH, 2006 [1968] ; TARALLO, 2007; LABOV, 2008 [1972]; MOLLICA and BRAGA, 2015; With such assumptions, we assume that linguistic variation is systematic and, thus, groups of factors internal and external to the language condition the use of one or another variant, such as, in this study, 'tu', 'you' and 'o ( the Lady)'. Therefore, our specific objectives are: i) to describe the variants of the analyzed phenomenon; ii) analyze the groups of linguistic and extralinguistic factors that act or not on the variants described and iii) verify what social and stylistic evaluation adolescents have regarding the "pronominal expression of P2", through questions about linguistic evaluation. The methodology used was based on the data collection protocol adopted by Traesel (2016). Thus, the corpus of this research was made up of a speech sample from Elementary School (final years) and High School students. The speech sample was collected through three oral genres: social interaction, podcast and sociolinguistic interview (individual). Regarding social interactions and podcasts, these were carried out with all students from the selected classes of four schools, two public and two private, while the interview was carried out, in total, with 16 students, that is, 4 students from each class , distributed by school (8 from private schools, 8 from public schools), age group/school grade (4 from the 9th year of elementary school final years, 4 from the 2nd and 3rd grades of secondary school), gender /gender (4 girls from private schools and 4 boys from public schools). The selection criterion for the interview was to be carried out only with those students who were born in Manaus and have parents and/or guardians from Manaus. To understand the variable rule that governs the “pronominal expression of P2” in the subject position in Manauara speech, we control the following linguistic and extralinguistic conditioners: referencing (direct, indirect or indeterminate), linguistic parallelism (subject and possessive, subject and complements , between pronouns in a series), verbal agreement with tu (marked, unmarked), type of oral genre (social interaction, podcast), type of sentence (exclamatory, declarative, imperative, interrogative and optative), subject completion ( filled in, not filled in), age group/school grade (13 to 15/9th year of elementary school final years, 16 to 18/2nd and 3rd years of secondary school), sex/gender (man, woman ), school (public, private) and social relationships between interlocutors (asymmetry and symmetry). As for the general results, with regard to data on linguistic use, the form 'tu' was more frequent and productive, with a percentage of 63.3%, and was favored by the variables type of oral gender and age group. Regarding linguistic assessment, students associated ‘tu’ with informality and symmetry; ‘you’ competes with ‘you’ both on the path of intimacy and on the path of respect, when it also competes with the form ‘you’. At the end of this work, we hope to have contributed to descriptive studies on Brazilian Portuguese (BP), in addition to specifically expanding discussions on linguistic use and evaluation in Amazonas.